A Firms Superior Performance - 1544 Words

A firm’s superior performance is contingent upon a sustainable competitive strategy and a firm’s strategy refers to ‘a set of actions that its manager takes to outperform its competitors and achieve superior profitability’ (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, Strickland, 2016, p.3). A strategy becomes sustainable when it produces enduring success that can support the company’s consistent growth. The designing of a strategy entails the understanding the company’s present situation which are comprised of two distinct facets: external environment and internal environment (Thompson et al., 2016). It is generally accepted that the performance of a company is accelerated when the strategy encompasses the alignment of both external and internal environments of a company (Kaplan Norton, 2008; Maier Pop, 2012). In spite of this consensus, there is a longstanding debate regarding whether external or internal environment has greater influence on the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s performance (Wit, 2010). For some logical perspectives, it is favored that a firm’s internal environment has greater influence on the firm’s performance than external environment. In alignment with the argument, pertinent strategic concepts and theories are analyzed along with the example of a company, Toyota Motor Corporation. This argumentative essay flows starting with a brief overview of Toyota Motor Corporation and then the arguments along with the concepts of resource and capability analysis, SWOT analysis and value chainShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management At The Management Field849 Words   |  4 Pages(HRM) to improve firm’s performance and underpin its strategy. While there is evidence that HRM practices can improve organizational performance, a key issue is understanding if such improvement qualifies as competitive advantage or merely achieves competitive parity. Several authors agree that people are sustainable source of competitive advantage [Pfeffer, 1995]. This statement triggers several questions: do people generate competitive advantage by delivering superior performance, because theyRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Porsche Automotive Group1633 Words   |  7 Pagescannot. This provides them with the opportunity to produce a product for superior in just about every way, given the proper application of effort and resources. The final issue to address is the possibility of threats to the firm. As previously alluded to earlier, the greatest threat to the future success of Porsche Automotive Group is the global economy and the looming presence of competition. This is primarily due to the firm’s specialization within the market of luxury vehicles. It has been plainRead MoreResources Underlie Comeptencies, Whereas Competencies Build Resources1015 Words   |  5 Pagesresources’ Discuss this statement and explain under what conditions both resources and capabilities can create a competitive advantage for a company Introduction This essay will discuss how resources and competences are linked with regards to a firm’s performance and under what conditions they can be fully utilized to create a competitive advantage for the company in question. Main Generally it can be found that in a particular industry some firms will out- perform other firms usually to do withRead MoreSwot Analysis : Cross Border Business1649 Words   |  7 Pagesmight hire top executives who have international-business experience. Moreover, they argue that managerial abilities might be essential in enabling firm its internationalisation process (ibid). Due to the above-mentioned literature we argue that the firm’s global strategic decisions are conceptualised by well-experienced executives. Therefore, the degree of globalisation of MNEs could be influenced by management s perspectives, experiences as well as educational backgrounds. Second, language is becomingRead MoreFive Generic Competitive Strategies1506 Words   |  7 Pagesoffering from the offerings of rivals. 4. Recognize the attributes of a best-cost provider strategy and the way in which some firms use a hybrid strategy to go about building a competitive advantage and delivering superior value to customers. 5–2 Why Do Strategies Differ? Is the firm’s market target broad or narrow? Key factors that distinguish one strategy from another Is the competitive advantage pursued linked to low costs or product differentiation? 5–3 THE FIVE GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIESRead Moreswot analysis1275 Words   |  6 Pagesexpanding closed different OS ecosystem 3. Decreasing market 2. Apple is a leading share innovator in mobile 4. Patent infringements device technology 5. Further changes in 3. Strong financial management performance 6. Defects of new ($10,000,000,000 products cash, gross profit 7. Long-term gross margin 43.9% and no debt) margin decline Strengths 1. Customer loyalty combined with expanding closed ecosystem. While at firstRead MoreBenefits of Strategic Management1255 Words   |  6 Pagesgoal of much of business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Getting and keeping it is what managing strategically is all about. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s tough to do, and getting tougher.1 There are 2 major views of alternative model of superior returns. Industrial organization (I/O) view and resource-based view. The industrial organization view focuses on the structural forces within an industry, the competitive environment of firms and how these influence competitive advantage. TheRead MorePorter s Value Chain Of The Petroleum Sector1338 Words   |  6 Pagesstems from the many discrete activities a firm performs in designing, producing, marketing, delivering and supporting its product. Each of these activities can contribute to a firm’s relative cost position and create a basis for differentiation.† (Michael Porter Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance) Porter suggest, that it is the activities within an organization that add value to the services and products that a company produces. Any company that wants to improve itsRead MoreStudy on a Companys Financial Ratios1233 Words   |  5 Pages1. Financial ratios are used to help analyze the companys financial statements. For a small company that is not publicly traded, the most important use of ratios is to compare current performance against past performance. Ratios cover a number of performance metrics that can help a business to benchmark performance against publicly traded companies as well, provided that the business has put together its internal statements according to GAAP, making them compatible with the statements of publicly-tradedRead MoreSituation Analysis in Marketing Plan Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesthe competition, and the corporation. (Jain, 2004, p25) Jain (2004) explained the role of situation analysis is to (1) make a clear market definition; (2) make a good match between corporate strengths and the needs of the market; and (3) perform superior to the competitions in the key success factors o f the business. Based on the three Cs, situation analysis indicates three decisions: where, how, and when to compete. Thus, without the reflection on the changing environment and the developing business

William Bacon s New Science - 1795 Words

As a result, this would allow a prince to govern without being morally bound. Unlike Machiavelli, Bacon believed that â€Å"knowledge is power† and a divine one too.13 Bacon argued that since God on the first day â€Å"created light only,† philosophers should set about discovering true causes and axioms.14 Thus, Bacon’s new science was meant for the benefit of the people and the improvement of human health and welfare. Bacon urged his followers to â€Å"cultivate truth in charity.†15 These religious ideas come together in Bacon’s New Atlantis, in which the fathers of Solomon’s House, the scientific center of the island named after the biblical king, were responsible for distributing useful knowledge and practical inventions for the advantage of citizens and strangers alike. Bacon believed that the accumulation of knowledge would empower all citizens.16 In addition, unlike Machiavelli’s belief that religion couldn’t help the government, Bacon argued that advances in science could aid the government.17 Baco n declared that technological advances in warfare, shipping, and mining had improved the political and economic power of the people in possession of such knowledge. He also claimed that learning encourages better citizenship and that knowledge depends upon experience.18 This is a sharp contrast to Machiavelli, who believed that knowledge did not create better citizenship, but rather the authority of strong and authoritative princes did so. Bacon sought to establish an approach for naturalShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages1747 Words   |  7 PagesEurope. The British middle ages influenced the development of society through the politics, the religion, and the literature of the era. Politics was a key factor in the development of England in the middle ages. For example, the impact of the new political regime when the Normans conquered England. The Normans (1066-1154) and the Angevins (1154-1399) created political institutions that set England apart from the rest of Europe (â€Å"England†). Henry II was the first Angevin king of England and RichardRead MoreAbigail Adams : The American Revolution Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesto the British. This was only the first of her dealings with women s influence in politics. Because she and her husband were away from each other often for extended periods, the two of them corresponded through lengthy letters. In some of these letters, Abigail urged her husband, during the days surrounding the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War, to pay attention to the rights of women. She believed women s rights should equal those of the men. She did not bring the foundingRead MoreThe Effects of the Scientif ic Revolution Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon and Joseph Needham. According to some excerpts from â€Å"Why Europe?† by Jack Gladstone and â€Å"China, Technology and Change† by Lynda Norene Shaffer, the work of these notable men can be traced back to having a significant role in the scientific focus of modern society, or what we now know to be the â€Å"Scientific Revolution† of the seventeenth century. In a world where we are desperately dependent on advancements in modern science, we rarely stop to think about whatRead MoreHistory And History Of Fuel Cells876 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of fuel cells according to Vladimir S. Bagotsky (2012) Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) In 1791, the Italian physiologist Luigi Galvani discovered that the muscle contractions, similar to the discharged of a Leyden charge, will occur when two metals touch the nerve of a frog. 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ManyRead MoreThe Theory Of Government, Science And The Nature Of Human Beings1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Enlightenment ultimately led to upheavals that transformed Britain, America and France in the late 18th and 1 9th century. Thomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, Francis Bacon, John Locke, Jean-Jaques Rousseau and Francis Hutcheson are few of the many Enlightenment thinkers that used reason to challenge the structure of government, science and the nature of human beings. For example, Hobbes believed that man was born evil and shared in Aristotle’s belief that government was essentially the preservationRead MoreVampires Never Die, By Guillermo Del Toro And Chuck Hogan1299 Words   |  6 Pagesbegins with a story told by John William Polidori that created the two main branches of vampire fiction known today. These branches include the vampire as a romantic hero and the vampire as an undead monster. 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Dow Jones V Gutnick Essay Sample free essay sample

The instance of Dow Jones A ; Company Inc V Gutnick ( 2002 ) 210 CLR 575. [ 2002 ] HCA 56 raised the legal rule of calumny and its application when committed over the cyberspace. In this case. an article published on 30 October 2000 in a hebdomadal fiscal magazine. a magazine which in bend was published by Dow Jones A ; Company Inc ( ‘Dow Jones’ ) . The article. entitled ‘Unholy Gains’ alleged that Joseph Gutnick ( ‘Gutnick’ ) was connected to a captive money launderer and revenue enhancement evader and was involved in these activities himself. The article was accompanied by a big exposure of Gutnick. The edition of the magazine sold 305. 363 transcripts and 550. 000 endorsers accessed the article online. with 1. 700 of the online endorsers utilizing an Australian recognition card to pay for the article. Gutnick brought an action against Dow Jones claiming that the article was calumniatory. The initial claim was made in Victoria. as this is wh ere the bulk of Gutnick’s societal and concern life was and where the effects of the alleged defamatory stuff would be most felt. Dow Jones refuted this claim and sought to hold the instance heard in the United States. As Freedom of Speech is a cardinal right of all United States citizens. Dow Jones were eager to take advantage of this cardinal right and hedge the right of protection of repute the Australia Courts are so eager to continue. The instance was held. ab initio. in the Supreme Court of Victoria. At the beginning of the test. Dow Jones sought to hold the proceedings stayed or for good set aside due to an evident breach of order 701 ( I ) . being that service of the claim was non appropriate as the calumny was non committed in Australia and. based on order 701 ( J ) . there was no grounds of harm suffered within the legal power. which Dow Jones believed should be where the article was published. originating from publication of the article in New Jersey. Dow Jones argued that the instance should. in fact. be heard in New Jersey as this was where the waiter was located to which the article had been uploaded and. as such. was the articles topographic point of publication. Dow Jones’ application for an order that service be stayed or for good set aside was dismissed as the test justice. Hedigan J. stated that the civil wrong occurred when contents of the publication were comprehended by the reader. which in this instance occurred in Victoria. and non where the article was published. being in New Jersey. Following this. Dow Jones appealed the determination of Hedigan J. to the Court of Appeal of Victoria. who upheld the determination of the lower tribunal. Dow Jones was so granted particular leave to take the entreaty to the High Court of Australia. An International ComparisonIn passing down their determination. Glesson CJ. McHugh. Gummow and Hayne JJ considered three issues viz. . ( 1 ) where had the stuff the Gutnick complained about been published. ( 2 ) whether the stuff had been published in Victoria and ( 3 ) whether Victoria was the appropriate legal power for the instance to be heard. From these inquiries. it is evident the issue of legal power was an of import legal inquiry that needed to be resolved. In add-on. Hedigan J. in the initial hearing. gave wider consideration to the issue of internet legal power and its application to calumny. He considered three ( 3 ) other instances on legal power. some of which are considered below. These international instances. together with the Court’s attack in the Dow Jones Case is that if a complainant can demo that the stuff. which is capable to the calumny claim. was read by at least one individual in the relevant legal power. a claim for calumny in that legal power is about automatic. Lee Teck Chee V Merrill Lynch International Bank Ltd [ 1998 ] 4 C. L. J. 188 ( Malayan High Court ) This instance involved the publication of an article in an on-line newspaper based in Singapore. The focal point of this finding was based on existent entree to the publication and this assisted the tribunal in finding whether they had legal power or non. The Court held that a publication made on a newspaper web site in Singapore could merely be considered to hold been published all around Malaysia if there was grounds that an independent party within Malaysia had accessed the publication and read it and as such the tribunal exercised legal power. Kitakufe V Oloya Ltd ( 1998 ) 67 O. T. C. 315 ( Ontario Court of Justice ) This instance involved a newspaper article published both in difficult transcript in Uganda and online. Both complainant and suspect were of African-Canadian descent. The Court held that the topographic point where the calumny occurred. and hence the subsequent legal power where any claim could be heard. refering on-line publications is. in fact. the legal power where the publication is accessible and available to be read by any 3rd party users. It was for this really ground the Court held that the Ontario Court was the appropriate legal power for the instance to be heard as this was where the most harm was suffered by the complainant. This place was reaffirmed in the Italian instance of Investors Group Inc v Hudson [ 1999 ] Recueil en Responsabilite et Assirance 185. Calder V Jones ( 1984 ) 465 US 783 This instance involved a celebrated entertainer who made a claim for calumny against the National Enquirer for an article published in Florida and circulated nationally. At the clip the article was published the complainant resided and worked in California. The tribunal determined that ‘jurisdiction may be exercised over a foreign suspect who directs his or her calumniatory message at the forum and the complainant suffers harm there’ This pre-internet instance has become the foundation for the US Courts consideration of legal power. Further consideration to the US attack to legal power will be discussed below. A affair of forum.The instance of Dow Jones raises two issues viz. . publication of stuff on the cyberspace and legal power. In Dow Jones. the two are interconnected as the finding of the topographic point of publication led to an appraisal of the appropriate legal power in which the instance should be heard. The impact the Dow Jones Case has on on-line publications is great. Whilst it is evident that the point made by Dow Jones that in order for a publishing house to hold certainty. the ‘single publication’ regulation should be adopted so that a commercial ailment can merely be brought one time in the legal power that is the topographic point of upload of a publication as ‘a defamatory statement is made available on a web site. legal power may lie in all the states where entree to that web site can be obtained’ . Iin sing the above. one must besides take into history the surrogate position in that the planetary growing of the cyberspace should non be used a s a shield for on-line publishing houses to avoid the basic rule that an person has the right to keep their repute in their place legal power. The fact that the cyberspace is planetary does non and should non intend that publishing houses can conceal behind this globalization as a manner of avoiding action for calumniatory publications. This will necessitate peculiar consideration for states such as the US. with its broad application of free address. in regard of calumny instances and whether they will implement opinions of international legal powers. A claim of calumny is contrast in that it seeks to protect the repute of persons and administrations nevertheless this would look to suppress the right to freedom of address. As celebrated above freedom of address is a cardinal right embodied in the US through its Constitution. As such. the US is less rigorous on verbal calumny that most other legal powers. Whilst it is good to hold clear and concise regulations in Australia about when and where a calumny instance affecting a publication is heard in Australia which amendss an Australian repute. where those publications are made outside of Australia. if a opinion can non be enforced in legal powers such as the US. the Australian regulations will make little to advance justness in the eyes of complainant Australians who suffer such international defamatory Acts of the Apostless. A farther complication to the manner the US considered affairs of legal power is the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment in the Constitution. As is the instance in Australia. the get downing point for the US in finding affairs of legal powers starts with a party’s presence in the forum. The US Courts so determine whether the cause of action asserts general legal power. where a party lives in the relevant legal power or carries out a big figure of activities at that place. or specific legal power where there must be a high sum of contact between relevant forum and a suspect who does non shack in the legal power. Other determinations in the US have reflected a different attack to legal power in finding that ‘a complainant would necessitate to turn out than an out of province defendant’s cyberspace activity was expressly targeted at. or directed to. the forum province in order to set up legal power in the tribunals of that state’ . The instance of Stanley K. Young v New Haven Advocate ( 2002 ) 315 F. 3d 256 supported this individual publication attack which focuses on the topographic point of upload of a publication in finding legal power by finding that the on-line newspaper had intended to direct the publication at a specific audience ( in this instance Connecticut ) being the same topographic point as the topographic point of upload of the article. even though the article was available in other legal powers given its on-line nature. When sing affairs of legal power and forum and whether the traditional regulations of legal power can be applied to online calumny. the Australian trial of forum non conveniens. where a tribunal is persuaded that another forum or legal power is better placed to hear a affair. is in contrast to the US Courts who look at the possible unfairness against a party holding to support a instance in a foreign legal power. In order to fulfill the forum non conveniens test one must fulfill themselves whether the legal power that is under onslaught is ‘a clearly inappropriate forum’ . In Dow Jones. Dow Jones themselves argued that supporting a claim of calumny in Australia would be burdensome due to the fact that naming informants. bring forthing paperss and accessing stuff would be that much more hard. In support of this. Dow Jones suggested that Gutnick would non be faced with these troubles as the grounds would be readily available in the US. Ultimately. the forum non conveniens trial was rejected by Hedigan J who stated ‘the failing in the statements [ of Dow Jones ] is that the aspect sued on by Mr Gutnick is indelibly Victorian. connected with no other topographic point and that nay certification or grounds refering the affair will wholly be found in Victoria’ . A figure of US instances sing legal power have been determined based on the defendant’s operation of a web site that was deemed accessible in the relevant forum and which caused injury to the complainant in such forum. This US attack is consistent with the Australia attack which revolves around the topographic point of entree of an on-line publication. Alternatively. some US Courts have rejected the above position on legal power in favor of an attack where more grounds is required that a suspect who publishes material online must hold published it with the purpose to aim people who reside in a specific forum for the stuff posted online to be calumniatory. DecisionThe opinion given by Hedigan J has set a case in point for on-line publications. Any on-line publishing house must now be cognizant that they might non merely be capable to the calumny Torahs of the legal power where the physical computing machine on which the publication was uploaded but besides to the Torahs of other states where the publication can be accessed. It is evident from reappraisal of the assorted instances that the topographic point of publication is at the very bosom of finding a class of action for calumny. Therefore. publication in the legal power of the tribunal is in fact irrelevant. By the really significance of calumny on the cyberspace. stuff can merely be considered published at the topographic point where it is read. heard or seen as opposed to the topographic point from where the stuff originates. To spread out this definition. a separate publication and new cause of action occurs each clip the stuff is read. heard or seen which furnished the footing for legal power to all topographic points in the universe because of modern twenty-four hours publication to a planetary audience through the cyberspace. It is evident that with the growing of the cyberspace comes growing of cyberspace publications and with such growing differences sing legal power for on-line calumny will go more common topographic point. It is for this really ground that it is imperative that legal powers form a concrete footing in how to find affairs of legal power. It appears that whilst Dow Jones has helped Australia develop a common pattern in finding legal power based on the topographic point of injury cause and non the topographic point of publication. the constitutional right of free address in the US is invariably combating the right to protect 1s repute. As much of the population of the US believes freedom of address to be the most cardinal of all constitutional rights this position does non adequately represent the beliefs of an of all time increasing multicultural cyberspace user base. Alternatively. some may reason that as the Torahs regulating calumny in Australia differ from province to province this deficiency of uniformity has besides spread internationally. Given that the US appears to hold the least rigorous Torahs on legal power given their application of freedom of address it is my position that Australia has one of most appropriate and effectual trials for finding legal power and 1 that will stand the trial of clip as the usage of the cyberspace grows. specifically in footings of on-line publications. In bend Australia is now favoring towards exerting legal power in cyberspace based instances. The instance of Dow Jones has set a precedent nationwide on how to use legal power when covering with on-line publications. Therefore. while the impression of free address has non disappeared everlastingly. the power of the cyberspace and a simple Google hunt from anyplace in the universe should do anyone believe twice approximately posting what may be considered a harmless article from the other side of the universe. If there is one piece of advice a reader can take from this it would be to be wary. The cyberspace can be a unsafe forum when used unsuitably. Once something is published it is stored in the universe broad web for life as on the cyberspace. ‘a calumniatory statement can be outright available throughout the world’ .

The history of the barbie doll Essay Example For Students

The history of the barbie doll Essay The History of Barbie DollThe idea of Barbie all started in 1959 when Ruth Handler, Barbie’s creator, noticed her daughter Barbara playing with paper dolls and imagining them in grown up roles such as college students, cheerleaders, and adults with careers. Ruth realized that dolls on the market at that time were all baby dolls, and that there was a need for a doll that would inspire little girls to think about what they wanted to be when they grew up. Thus the idea for the Barbie doll, the teenage fashion model, was born. Ruth named the doll Barbie, after her daughter and now, 40 years later, this 1.9 billion-dollar-a-year industry is stronger then ever. We will write a custom essay on The history of the barbie doll specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Barbie doll started being released in early 1960. It first appeared in the now-famous black and white striped swimsuit and signature ponytail. After producing this doll and one other know as Roman Holiday, she began to be made with lighter blue eyes and a new type of vinyl that retains its flesh-tone color rather than whitening with age. One year after her introduction, number five was released. She was made with different hair colors, one of which was a shade of red known as titian, and with a new Bubble Cut hairstyle popularized by Jacqueline Kennedy. Enchanted Evening, a lovely pink stain gown, also debuted this year. This fashion was a collector’s favorite and was reproduced in 1996. Ken, Barbie’s boyfriend was introduced this year with short blonde or brown hair, blue eyes, and moveable head, arms, and legs. He was also a inch taller then Barbie. Ken was named after Ruth’s son, Kenny. Barbie doll was now the hottest selling fashion doll on the market at this time. In 1962, Barbie doll was still being made with a ponytail, but the Bubble Cut was much more popular and was produced in much greater numbers. Red was her color this year and Red Flare, a bright red coat, hat, and handbag ensemble made a bold fashion statement. Garden Party and Tennis Anyone were two of Barbie doll’s other fashions that year. Also that year, the fuzzy-haired Ken doll was retired in favor of a new doll with the painted brown or blonde hair. In the next two years of Barbie’s life a lot happened. In 1963, she came out as Fashion Queen Barbie, with 3 interchangeable wigs: platinum Bubble Cut, a brunette Pageboy, and a titian side-swept ponytail called a Swirl. This was also the year that Barbie got her first and best friend, Midge. This freckled doll was a favorite for many collectors. In 1964, Barbie doll appeared in a pink swimsuit with eyes that open and close. This was the only Barbie doll to have eyes that shut. Barbie dolls family also bega n to grow that year with the introduction of Skipper, Barbie dolls little sister. By the end of the decade Barbie had changed even more. Her and her friends were given more bendable legs. Her new hairstyle was known as â€Å"American Girl†. 1967 gave her a more youthful face and long straight hair to keep up with the changing times. A talking Barbie was finally introduced in 1968. This was a long time dream of Ruth’s husband, Elliot. By the beginning of 1970 Barbie’s fashion trends were up-to-the-minute. She had designs reflecting the prairie look, the granny dress, the California girl suntan craze, and glittery disco styles. Barbie turned sweet 16 in 1974 and a portion of Times Square was renamed â€Å"Barbie Boulevard† for a week in her honor. In 1976, Barbie doll’s face was again reshaped into a wider smile and sun-streaked hair reflecting the latest beauty looks. Also in 1976 Barbie dolls were placed in time capsules and sealed during the Bice ntennial celebrations to be opened in 2076 as the favorite doll of this century. Barbie was featured in Life Magazine in 1979 as reflecting twenty years of American fashion. During the ‘70s, Barbie doll had a constantly changing wardrobe that swung from the mod look of Live Action Barbie, a wild multi-colored pants outfit, to the high fashion of City Sophisticate. Her wardrobe also reflected an international flavor in Picture Pretty Barbie from Canada and Party Time Barbie from Germany. In the 1980’s fans held the first annual Barbie doll convention. The first black and Hispanic Barbie dolls were then introduced as Teresa and Christie. Barbie doll’s wardrobe began to grow larger with both glamorous and casual looks such as the Dolls of the World Collection. In 1986 the first porcelain Barbie was introduced. Two years later, in 1988 the first Holiday Barbie debuted and Barbie’s best friend Midge returned. Mattel then celebrated Barbie’s thirtieth ann iversary in 1989 with Pink Jubilee Barbie. Staring in 1990, Barbie doll stepped into the future allowing girls to use their computer to, among other things, design and print their own fashions with CD-ROM products. One of the first Barbie software products, â€Å"Barbie Fashion Designer†, was the best selling software title of 1996, followed by â€Å"Barbie Magic Hairstyler†, the top new children’s title in 1997. She entered the digital world in 1998 with the Barbie Photo Designer Digital Camera and CD-ROM. Most recently, the Barbie doll went online with My Design, which allows customers to go online to customize and order their own Barbie doll friend. Barbie doll also started becoming more involved in a little girl’s life with a flexible new body allowing her to be more active as a gymnast, bicyclist, and skater. In 1992 the first Barbie doll store opened at FAO Schwarz in New York City. Barbie soon was made to be the first women president candidate. Mat tel celebrated Barbie’s thirty-fifth Anniversary in 1994 with a re-issue of the very first doll and the Limited Edition Gold Jubilee Barbie. In the 1990s, the wardrobe for Barbie reached new heights of elegance and drama. She wore astonishing originals designed for her by Christian Dior, Bob Mackie, and Ralph Lauren as well as the glittering Starlight Dance ensemble. In a classic-like suit, City-Style Barbie took on a sophisticated look, perfect for the time. Also during this era, the Barbie Millicent Roberts Collection of fashions was introduced. .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .postImageUrl , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:hover , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:visited , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:active { border:0!important; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:active , .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23 .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c3dc3661f0575f69e9159f4b3233a23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Search Of Excellence: Review Essay Family and friends hold a very important place in the history of Barbie. Besides Ken, Barbie also had a best friend, Midge, who was introduced in 1963 but returned in 1968. Barbie’s little sister Skipper, introduced in 1964, Sister Stacie, introduced in 1992, and baby Kelly, new in 1995 are also all very popular. She also has friends from a variety of backgrounds, reflecting the diversity of thereal world. In 1968, Barbie doll’s black friend Christie was first introduced, in 1988 Teresa, a Hispanic doll came, and in 1990 Kira, an Asian friend, debuted. In 1997 Share a Smile Becky, Barbie’s friend in a wheelchair wa s introduced for the first time. Barbie’s circle of friends also includes others such as: Francie, Tutti, Todd, Stacy, P.J., Jamie, Cara, Kelley, Steffie, Tracy, Miko, Whitney, Diva, Dee Dee, Dana, Steven, Kayla, Devon, Nia, Belinda, Bopsy, and Steven. Many of these are now retired due to the fact that they were part of a series. Barbie fans of all ages can also enjoy the line of special edition and limited edition dolls designed specifically with the collector in mind. Exquisite fashions designed by Nolan Miller, re-creations from Barbie doll’s early years, and Barbie and Ken as characters from popular files such as The X-Files, are helping the world of Barbie Collectibles grow. The value of older dolls is rising as more and more adults discover the world of Barbie. In conclusion, Barbie still reflects the dreams, hopes, and future realities of an entire generation of little girls who still see her as representing the same American dream and aspirations as when she wa s first introduced in 1959.

Human Resource Management The Ritz

Human Resource Management The Ritz Recommendations Having considered numerous problems, connected with the human resource management in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, a number of recommendations may be given to cope with them.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human Resource Management: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though all the separate disadvantages of human resource management do not create any troubles for the company functioning, if to unite those, it becomes problematic for the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company to function properly. Here are some specific recommendations the human resource manager should take into account while organizing such procedures as recruitment, induction and retention. One of the main mistakes the human resource managers make in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels is the attraction of too many candidates at the time of recruitment. Thus, there are too many people in the company who should perform the same functions. This leads to the problem that some employees who have been working in the company for many years remain unoccupied. The main purpose of recruitment is â€Å"not just to attract any candidates – it is to recruit the right candidates (and hopefully put off the wrong sort of candidates)† (Yeung 2008, p. 66). Moreover, the attraction of too many candidates at one and the same time is also a bad idea as it is rather time consuming and costly to sort out applications. It is also unreasonable to advise the organisation to attract too few candidates as this leads to choice limitation (McKenna Beech 2008). Thus, due to the fact that the company got used to work with the professionals, it pays much attention to human resources (Sucher McManus 2001). So, it may be recommended to attract as many candidates as possible but to recruit them by means of small groups. This will help the organization to consider as many people as possible and to choose the candidate which perfectly fits the company requirements without rush (Billsberry 2007). It is important to recommend the company to reduce the turnover of employees as this process negatively influences the services in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels and is rather costly (Jackson, Schuler Werner 2008). At the same time, it is important to understand that turnover is an inevitable and crucial process in the company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Functional turnover is vital for the Ritz-Carlton Hotels as it gives an opportunity for poor performers to leave their workplace. Such turnover is really useful for the company as the Hotel requires only the best performers (Sturman, Trevor Boudreau 2003). Each new employer should be trained. Such procedures cost too much. At the same time, the company fails to train new employees properly that may be the main reason for the high turnover. New workers are unable to learn how to perform their tasks that leads to misunderstanding in the staff and people do not want to work anymore due to the inability to provide their tasks in a proper way. Employee turnover influences productivity greatly, so one of the main purposes of the Ritz-Carlton Hotels should be an attempt to reduce the turnover to minimum. Moreover, there it is obvious that the reduction of turnover of the employees can result in â€Å"significant savings to an organization† (Bohlander Snell 2009, p. 94). Having considered the situation in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels, it was noticed that the company cares of their staff and always tries to show its appreciation. This appreciation is sees via some gifts which are given from the whole company. An employee does not have a person he/she can turn to. The induction of the employees at the workplace is considered to be impersonal. Such policy in behaviour is wrong as having been trained for a short period of time, e mployees do not have an opportunity to get all the necessary information. New employees do not have an opportunity to get used to the atmosphere at the workplace. A specific person who can help them in this process is extremely important. Bratton and Gold (2003) are sure that new employees should feel welcome from time to time, but, still, it is also important to see a concrete person. Thus, our recommendations for the increase of the company production at the workplace may be reduced to the following. First, there should be a concrete person to whom people can turn to if some problems appear. Second, it is important to reduce the turnover of the employees not by means of attracting too few candidates but by searching for an appropriate candidate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human Resource Management: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The recruiting policy should be also changed as well as the change of the very procedure of induction (the employees are offered too little time for training and obtaining skills necessary for work in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels). Having considered these recommendations directed at the change of the system of the human resource management in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels, it is possible to state the following solutions the company should consider. Solutions One of the main problems the company faces is the employees’ recruitment. The company needs more employees but the methods it uses for recruitment are poor. Attracting too many candidates, the company is unable to cope with them and it leads to numerous problems discussed above. One of the ways to cope with the problem is to use the website as the means for advertising and candidates’ selection. This will help the Ritz-Carlton Hotels to reduce the costs on employees’ selection and will help to choose the most appropriate candidates. Beardwell and Claydon (2007) offer tests which may be implemented at the company website and this is going to be one of the main measures which help understand whether the candidate is exactly what the company needs or not. They say that testing â€Å"is essentially an attempt to achieve objectivity, or, to put it more accurately, to reduce subjectivity in selection decision-making† (Beardwell Claydon 2007, p. 209). The main idea of these tests should be the understanding of a candidate background and checking of his/her knowledge in the sphere. The results of the tests may be analysed by the special software which will filter the candidates’ portfolios by experience, qualifications and aptitude (Beardwell Claydon 2007). The absence of this strategy in the company has created the problem of high turnover in the staff. To reduce the turnover in the company is possible in a number of different ways. Taylor (2006) offers the company to implement employees’ job security at the workplace. One of the main reasons of the turnover may be uncertainty of the candidate in their future. Being unsure whether they will be offered this specific job, they still continue to search for other vacancies and if they feel that another offer is more convenient and gives more assurance in the future employment on the constant basis they go there.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, to solve this problem the human resource managers should train only people who perfectly fit the position and have a great desire to work in the company. It is obvious that it is impossible to eliminate turnover absolutely, but this may help to reduce it. If the managers of the Ritz-Carlton Hotels show a new employee that his/her work is really important for the organization and it is satisfied with the productivity new employee can offer, this may also reduce the turnover in the company (Garvey 2001). Phillips and Connell (2003) offer to create a good team which can improve the atmosphere at the workplace. There are a lot different methods aimed at teambuilding, and many scholars consider those strategies as the most effective for reducing retention failures. When people have good relations with other employees, they feel happy in the company and they may have no desire to leave. Training is one more problem which requires solution. As it has been mentioned above, one month i s established in the company as the period between recruitment and commencing. Some employees consider this as a too long period, still, if to use this time to advantage in the employee training, this my solve another problem the company has – too short period for training, just one week. Thus, if the employee was trained while the period when he/she was recruited but was not commenced to work, so the problem with training would be solved as well (Simms 2005). Having accepted a position, a new employee has to attend a week training course. The background knowledge he/she has already accepted may be a good background. A week training courses may be more productive if the employee is already aware of the main processes in the organization and has already acquired some simplest skills (Hollinshead 2009). One of the main problems which the Ritz-Carlton Hotels as well as others organizations have is the consideration of training as the afterthought process. That is why the level o f performance of new employees is too low, as well as the productivity that leads to employee turnover. Lawson (2006) is sure that in spite of the fact that â€Å"an effective new employee orientation takes time and effort† (p. 2), it is considered to be the well-worth instrument. The well-planned and perfectly structured program may help an employee to understand his/her role in the company better, to get more knowledge and to be ready for the working conditions in the company (Lawson 2006; Boudreau Ramstad 2007). Thus, it may be concluded that the Ritz-Carlton Hotels has a number of problems which may be solved in complex, as increasing the company productivity by means of the new employees, the company should increase the training of the candidates and change the recruitment procedure that, in its turn, will result in the reduction of turnover in case the necessary activities are provided. If the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company attempts to provide all the changes and follow th e recommendations to problems solution mentioned in the paper, it will be able to increase its productivity and the number of clients who will desire to stay at the hotel with high level of serving provided by highly trained and experienced staff. Reference List Beardwell, J Claydon, T 2007, Human resource management: a contemporary approach, Pearson Education, Oxford. Billsberry, J 2007, Experiencing Recruitment and Selection, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Bohlander, G Snell, S 2009 Managing Human Resources, Cengage Learning, Stamford. Boudreau, J Ramstad, P 2007, Beyond HR: The New Science of Human Capital, Human Resource Development International, Oxford. Bratton, J Gold, J 2003, Human Resource Management Theory and Practice, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke. Garvey, C 2001, ‘The Whirlwind of a New Job’, HR Magazine, June. Hollinshead, G 2009, International and Comparative Human Resource Management, McGraw Publishing, London. Jackson , P, Schuler, RS Werner, S 20 08 Managing Human Resources, Cengage Learning, Stamford. Lawson, K 2006, New Employee Orientation Training, Elsevier, Oxford. McKenna, E Beech, N 2008, Human Resource Management: A Concise Analysis, Pearson Education, London. Phillips, JJ Connell, AO 2003, Managing employee retention: a strategic accountability approach, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Simms, H 2005, Human Resource Planning, Select Knowledge Limited, Boston. Sturman, MC, Trevor, CO, Boudreau, JW Barry, G 2003, ‘Is it worth it to win the talent war? Evaluating the utility of performance-based pay’, Personnel Psychology, vol. 56, iss. 4, p. 997. Sucher, S McManus, S 2001 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston. Taylor, S 2006, ‘Are you keeping your employees happy?’ The HR Director, vol. 28, pp 8-13. Yeung, R 2008, Successful Interviewing and Recruitment, Kogan Page Publishers, New York.

How We Launched 4 Features in 4 Weeks with a Culture of Shipping

How We Launched 4 Features in 4 Weeks with a Culture of Shipping Here at , we just completed a major sprint to launch four major new features in less than 6 weeks. Whew. It was a lot of fun. Were leaving 2016 BIGLY so that you can consolidate your toolset in 2017! Welcome our 4th NEW feature in 6 weeks: #Instagram Scheduling https://t.co/srhEwtJpin Garrett Moon (@garrett_moon) November 29, 2016 In case you missed it, here’s what we launched. If you only want to learn how we did it, feel free to skip ahead. Four Features In Under Six Weeks: ReQueue is the most intelligent way to automate your social media. This is one of my favorite features ever, because it helps you make the most of the hard work you put into social media schedule. Now, will help you reuse to best social messages again when it sees a gap in your schedule. It’s the perfect social companion for the busiest of marketers. Instagram has quickly become one of the most important social networks for marketers and now you can schedule Instagram messages right from , along side the rest of your marketing strategy. Instagram publishing really makes the one-stop tools for your entire marketing strategy. Content UX included a major update to how content is managed on the calendar. While it included a massive design refresh, it also added a lot of functional changes around usability and user experience that make easier to use and collaborate with you team. Social Media Analytics helps our users prove the ROI of the work they do by eliminate the tedious process of gathering, analyzing, and reporting on your analytics. Now you can do it from one place with ’s social message analytics and Social Engagement Reports. Long story short, that’s a lot of code to ship in short amount of time. So, how did we do it? How A Culture Of Shipping Drives Our Work EthicI call it a culture of shipping. Its one of our core values: Bias for Action. We know that ideas don’t matter unless they become action. We always err on the side of shipping, failing fast, and getting better as we go along. But before we get too far, I want to let you in on our dirty little secret. We don’t launch 100% of our features all at once. Don’t get me wrong, these were great features, but they were the 1.0 version. This means that for every aspect of the feature we actually launched, there are between 3 and 4 major improvements that were left on the to do list. In general, I believe that the common concept of a â€Å"launch† is very misleading. Most of the time, we think of a launch as a singular event. We slave away for months in hiding while building something brand new. When it finally comes time to make it public we launch, and make a big splash. There are blog posts, tweets, press releases, and sometimes fanfare. And then it’s over. We move on to the next project and look forward to another â€Å"big launch.† But, that’s not really how things work. Your audience will never absorb your launch the way you expect them to. They’re busy and distracted. You’re probably going to have to tell them about feature XYZ three or four times before they actually pay attention. In short, launches shouldn’t be a singular event. They are just the beginning. They should really be just one singular step in an overall process of iteration. Launches should be one singular step in an overall process of iterationIteration is really at the heart of what makes for a great â€Å"culture of shipping.† Everything is iterative, including your skills and abilities, your marketing efforts, and your feature launches. A process of getting something out there and then making slow and steady improvements over time is what defines ’s culture. It isn’t sexy, but dang it if it doesn’t work. So, let’s get practical. What can you do to make sure your team builds a culture of shipping? Here are a few of the things we do every day to keep the shipping alive. 1. Wins Make for More Wins When planning something new you are bound to develop big visions of excellence and grander. Take it easy cowboy/girl. Rather than trying to build the biggest and best right out of the gate, break your project into pieces. Think of it as a series of â€Å"launches† rather than one massive unveiling. Breaking projects down into tiny launch-able pieces will give you and your team some early wins. Wins can easily turn into momentum and momentum is exactly what fuels a culture of shipping. Around here, we like to break feature development into a series of 1-2 week projects- each one ending with a launch of some kind. We try not to focus on the whole enchilada. Rather, we focus on the smaller iterative goals that will need to be met in order to succeed. This ultra simple framework keeps us focused and motivated, and ultimately leads to the big win. Wins make for more wins.2. We Assume that Our Customers Know More Than Us When planning a new feature or launch, it can be easy to assume that you are the smartest person in the room. Work on a feature long enough and you’ll believe that no one understands it better than you. Unfortunately, you’ll probably be right. So, what if no one understands it but you? Feedback matters a lot. The world loves to emphasize the myth of the â€Å"lone genius† or the Steve Jobs personality in all of us. WRONG. There isn’t a such things as a lone genius in real life. In real life those geniuses had spouses, colleagues, or competitors that drove them and made them better. For a startup like , those drivers are our users. With every feature we launch, we try to leave a lot of room for customers to influence version 2.0. When a new feature goes live, our list of back burner items becomes irrelevant. From that point forward, customer feedback shapes version 2.0. There isn’t a such things as a lone genius in real life.3. We Focus on Failing Fast Most of us try to avoid making mistakes. If we can’t avoid them, we at least try to make sure no one notices them when they happen. But, this reflex is in itself a mistake. Instead, the better approach is to assume that you will fail and build it right into your process. We call this failing fast. Rather than trying to be perfect, aim to fail as quickly as possible. If you’re building something new, show it to someone else as soon as you can. Even before you’re ready. Get feedback. Figure out what’s wrong The sooner you know what’s wrong, the sooner you can improve it, and that will help you move faster. My background is in graphic design, and this can be a huge problem in that industry. Designers love to â€Å"move pixels† and make things perfect before showing their work to anyone. But, this is a mistake. It makes them slow and oftentimes damages the end result. Don’t assume you know it all. Assume that you will fail, and build it right into your process so that you know to expect it. Assume that you will fail, and build it right into your process so that you know to expect it.4. We Keep Things Simple Complicated features are bad for users (and for you). At , we’ve paid that price before. For example, the first version of ReQueue was overbuilt. Because we didn’t ship soon enough, the feature ended up getting too complicated and messy. When we gave it to a set of beta users and they were confused. They didn’t understand how to make the feature do what we said it could do. We ended up scrapping the entire project and building something different that was much simpler and more iterative. It was a lesson we don’t want to have to learn twice. Over time, we’ve learned to keep things as simple as possible. Sometime complex features are necessary, but it is better to iterate our way into them, rather than building it all at once. Stay iterative. Keep it simple. Ship on time! #aCultureOfShipping #OverheardAt5. Despite What You Believe, Launch Day Doesn’t Really Matter I’ve already mentioned that launch day barely matters, but it bears repeating. Teams routinely put a lot of time into their big unveiling to find out that no one was really paying attention. The true art of the launching comes from realizing that launching is a process, not an event. It’s about the process of shipping, not just launching. From a marketing standpoint this means that we should be talking about new features for week and months after they launch. From a product standpoint this means that we should be building and perfecting a feature for months after they are live. This isn’t a one and done type of scenario. We are so conditioned to believe that launch day is an event. We believe that our marketing is a narrative and that customers read every page, but they don’t. Marketing is messy. Shipping is messy. You’re better off with a process that embraces the mess than one that works against it.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Research Paper Example Depending on the severity of the problem, professionals choose an appropriate means of treatment of OCD among cognitive-behavioural therapy, pharmacotherapy, and neurosurgery; the latter is regarded as less effective. Overall, obsessive compulsive disorder is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, which means it requires more attention on the part of specialists as well as patients’ families. Obsessive compulsive disorder (abbreviated and usually used as OCD) is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by â€Å"recurrent obsessions and / or compulsions that interfere substantially with daily functioning† (Foa & Franklin, 2001). In this context, obsessions are defined as recurrent and unwanted thoughts, images or impulses which cause great anxiety. Individuals with OCD try to suppress and ignore these thoughts with other actions and / or thoughts, and they recognize the fact that the ideas and thoughts are only products of their mind (Abramowitz, Taylor & McKey, 2009). Among the most wide-spread obsessions are fear to causing harm to other people, fear of contamination, fear of behaving in an inappropriate way, fear of harm coming to self, fear of making a mistake, religious, sexual obsessions etc. (Heyman, Mataix-Cols & Fineberg, 2006). Compulsions are defined as repetitive mental acts or behaviours a person, who suffers from OCD, performs in response to obsessi on with the aim to prevent some daunting event or to reduce distress (Abramowitz, Taylor & McKey, 2009). The most common compulsions as the following ones: cleaning, hoarding, checking, handwashing, ordering and arranging, asking for reassurance (behaviours); ruminations, repeating words silently, counting (mental acts) (Heyman, Mataix-Cols & Fineberg, 2006). In accordance with Yaryura-Tobias and Neziroglu (1997), there are two groups of symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder,