Control and Manipulation in A Rose for Emily and The...

In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, the two main characters exhibit behavior that some readers may consider unusual or even totally crazy. These two women are having a difficult time adjusting to the many changes taking place around them. In the midst of these changes, they face the struggles of being women such as post partum depression and love and rejection from men. Such problems become so overbearing that each woman ends up in their own delusional world which in turn, leads to their isolation and insanity. Gender issues, love, hate, insanity and isolation, are thematic connections in both stories and are important components of how each woman functions throughout the story and†¦show more content†¦When the woman gets out of bed to investigate the wallpaper in the room, her husband says, â€Å"What is it, little girl? Don’t go walking about like that-you’ll get a cold† (319). His choice of words of calling her a â€Å"little girl† belittles the woman and amplifies her feelings of being isolated, not only physically, but emotionally. Since her husband is away most of the time and leaves her in confinement, the woman immerses herself into studying the wallpaper â€Å"[following] the pattern about by the hour† (317). She follows all the twist and turns of the wallpaper, decoding each detail and discovers what she seems to be a woman in a cage. She spends all her time looking at the paper that she eventually becomes obsessed with figuring out the patterns. She begins to identify with the woman in the cage which could signify her imprisonment in the room and her being tormented by her husband’s lack of sympathy for her condition and his dominance in their marriage. Just as male dominance is an issue for the woman in Gilman’s work, Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† details how Emily’s father and love interest dictate her life. Unlike the woman in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† being dominated by her own husband, Emily Grierson was under her father’s control since an early age. Her, father who was described as â€Å"a spraddled silhouette† and â€Å"clutching a horsewhip†, would chase away any prospective mates for his daughter (Faulkner, 288). Such dominance and solitude carried on untilShow MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe middle. In still other cases, the chronology of plot may shift backward and forward in time, as for example in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, where the author deliberately sets aside the chronological ordering of events and their cause/effect relationship in order to establish an atmosphere of unreality, build suspense and mystery, and underscore Emily Grierson’s own attempt to deny the passage of time itself. Perhaps the most frequently and conventionally used device of interrupting

Henrik Ibsen s A Dollhouse - 1460 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s A Dollhouse A Dollhouse is Henrik Ibsen’s best known realistic problem play. It is about the debt a wife hides from her husband, and the escalation of problems surrounding it occurring around Christmas. The play shocked many viewers because it broke many cultural stigmas at the time. The names, symbols, and dialogue all contribute to the overall impact of the play. According to the article, Henrik Ibsen Biography, Ibsen was a playwright born in Skien, Norway as the oldest of five siblings to Knud and Marichen Ibsen. At the age of 8, Ibsen’s parents went bankrupt, and moved the family â€Å"†¦ to a rundown farm near town.† At 15, Ibsen worked as an apprentice to a pharmacist at an apothecary, and used his free time to write poetry and paint. Ibsen moved to Christiania (later called Oslo), in 1850 where he was offered the job of writer and manager of the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. In 1862, Ibsen left Norway, and moved to Italy, and later Germany in 1868, where he wrote many realistic plays such as Peer Gynt and The Pillars of Society. He wrote his most famous play, A Dollhouse, in Germany in 1879. After moving back to Norway in 1891, Ibsen wrote more self-reflective plays such as The Master Builder and When We Dead Awaken. After having a series of strokes in 1900, Ibsen died May 23, 1906 (â€Å"Henrik Ibsen Biography†) . The names of the characters in Ibsen’s A Dollhouse and the name of the play itself tells a lot about the play. According to anthology editors, Edgar V.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s The Dollhouse 2229 Words   |  9 Pages The Dollhouse is a play about society as a whole, as well as the roles upon which we are given in society. Ibsen’s primary focus is on the roles of women within society. Ibsen’s main character is a young woman by the name of Nora. Despite the fact that the story revolves around Nora, there is much meaning that can be gather by everyone who reads it. Ibsen wrote this play hoping that people would watch it and then consider what their role is in today’s society. With that being what his ultimate goalRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Dollhouse 960 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen pioneers a unique portrayal of the struggle for personal freedom in â€Å"A Dollhouse.† He uses marriage and gender roles indicative of his era as an example of the constraints placed on people in society. His work is controversial and ahead of its time, and Ibsen is able to show in â€Å"A Dollhouse† morality and societal customs do not always walk hand in hand. Throug h the use of the character Nora, he shows the necessity of sacrifice is sometimes needed to achieve freedom from culture. TheRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Dollhouse1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Story A Dollhouse, by Henrik Ibsen is a story that portrays the role of Nora, a middle class mother and her husband Helmer Torvald and the drama within their marriage. The Christmas tree could be considered a symbol in the play because of its general representation of family unity and happiness during the holidays. But as it goes on, we see the tree and how the stripping of it foreshadows another layer of meaning. Along with the Christmas tree, the macaroons in the play symbolize nora’s defianceRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1389 Words   |  6 PagesWhat was the roles of women in A Doll’s House By Henrik Ibsen? A Doll s House, a play by Henrik Ibsen. In this play, Ibsen talks about the roles of (community of people/all good people in the world) and how women was treated at the time. From this play you can watch,notice,celebrate,obey what Ibsen believed about the roles of (community of people or all good people in the world), state where all things are equal between males and females, and the idea of the way of thinking that demands thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Unseen Truth In A Dollhouse By Henrik Ibsen723 Words   |  3 PagesRuchit Patel Professor Bonds English 112-11 20 July 2017 The Unseen Truth in A Dollhouse A Dollhouse by Henrik Ibsen is a play that focuses on the women empowerment, basically in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In today’s era, both women and men rub shoulders together in every field. But when Heneik Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, women were considered powerless. Not every woman in the society had ability to decide the outcome. Divorce was not the option, women were obliged to liveRead MoreRepressed Women in Literature2029 Words   |  9 PagesRepressed Women in Literature While the women of the short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and the drama A Dollhouse by Henrik Ibsen lead very different lives, they are similar in one very obvious way. Both women feel trapped by their husbands and by the expectations society places on them. The repression of Louise and Nora is inflicted upon them by both self and society; how does one remain an individual while also conforming to the traditional female role mandated by society? Chopin’sRead MoreEssay about Marriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House 1535 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House In his play, A Doll?s House, Henrik Ibsen shows a marriage built only on appearances, and not love. Both Nora the wife, and Torvald the husband, pretend they are in love throughout the story. However, love should be patient and kind, and their love is anything but that. Nora treats her husband as a father figure. Her feelings towards Torvald are more about dependence than love. Torvald treats Nora like a child or a pet. He getsRead MoreA New World for Women: A Dollhouse by Henrik Ibsen1089 Words   |  4 PagesA new world for women Henrik Ibsen’s play, â€Å"A Dollhouse† is centered in the late 19th century following the time women seek more of their independence and greater freedom. From the play, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, Ibsen tends to understand women more than they do. As one of Ibsen’s famous play addresses the issue of feminine roles and importance in the past and present era. Nora as a mother and wife decided to quit from her gender roles as a wife and mother, to become an independent self made person afterRead MoreA Feminist Literary Stance, Roles of Women in Henrik Ibsen’s Play A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Novel Middlemarch1546 Words   |  7 PagesA feminist literary stance, roles of women in Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House George Eliot’s novel Middlemarch Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Middlemarch are based on events from their personal experiences. The events that lead Ibsen to feel the need to write A Doll’s House makes his approach on the feminist stance a bit more unusual from other writers. Ibsen shows his realist style through modern views and tones that are acted out by the characters in this infamousRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper And A Doll s House1793 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Anna Gilman and â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen were both written in the nineteenth century. These stories were written in a time when women were under the male dominance. The story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and the play â€Å"A Doll’s House†, have similarities both portraying women who are in search of their identity and freedom while struggling emotionally. Both of these stories share feminist characteristics and belon g to the same time period when women were considered

Literary Examples Of Didactic Literature - 1194 Words

Didactic literature is not always written alike, it has been and is written to teach children morals, politeness, how to be obedient and responsible and to teach children how they should conform to religious and cultural expectations. Authors use different didactic approaches to convey their desired lesson or persuasion. Examples of didactic readings from our class lectures are The Purple Jar by Maria Edgeworth which uses didacticism to teach that things are not always what they appear and the differences between need and want. In contrast, the story of The Good Little Boy by Mark Twain, uses poking fun at the didactic message of how a good boy is to behave to teach the lesson. Lastly, in the writings of James Janeaway’s A Token for†¦show more content†¦Rosamond is very disappointed and her mother reminds her that her of her input on Rosamond’s purchase that she did tell her to examine the beautiful purple jar before making her decision. Rosamond’s mother tells her â€Å"But didn’t I tell you that you had not examined it, and that perhaps you would be disappointed?† With this the author is teaching the didactic lesson that things are not always as they seem and the reader should always closely examine their decisions. Rosamond ends up with stones in her shoes causing her pain and eventually not being able to attend an event with her father due to her appearance. In this the author is showing the poor decision Rosamond made and the consequences of that decision. Rosamond confides in her mother that she made a poor decision and she would like new shoes now. Rosamond’s mother responds to her request with â€Å"No, Rosamond, you must abide by your own choice; and now the best thing you can possibly do is bear your disappointment with good humor.† The Purple Jar teaches the difference of need and want, that evaluation of the decision should be thorough as things are not always as they appear and th at there are consequences for every decision the readers make. In The Story of The Good Little Boy by Mark Twain, Twain takes a contrasting approach to didactic literature where he tells a story of Jacob Blivens who isShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : The Great Thing About It Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesworld as we know it is fascinating, multifaceted, and cultured because of the literary aura that has been present throughout time. Just like the people that fill our world, some literature has been hurtful, some is beneficial to certain groups and cultures, and some is for pure entertainment. However, the great thing about it is that literature has the ability to connect any form of art through the past and present. Literature has no age and therefore can speak to generations and help enlighten futureRead MoreWhat Are The Literary Elements Used In Alices Adventures In Wonderland1110 Words   |  5 PagesAlice meets; for example, The Caterpillar is extremely wise and provides A lice with knowledge – while he is not extremely kind, he helped Alice by giving her the one tool needed to get through Wonderland; information. Furthermore, Alice meets the Chesire Cat, The Queen of Hearts, and The Hatter. Alice goes on many adventures in Wonderland which will be dissected later. Throughout the story, there are many literary elements however, Alices Adventures in Wonderland is a great example of a subversiveRead MoreSongs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by William Blake Essay example1126 Words   |  5 Pageshis time, is today thought to be an important and seminal figure in the literature of the Romantic period. Being such a figure he has no doubt helped to influence many great thinkers throughout history, one of whom I believe is Carroll. There are many instances throughout Carroll’s story where comparable concepts of innocence and adulthood are evident. Through its themes of romanticism, Carroll crafts a story that is anti-didactic by its very nature. Before defending such claims, it’s necessary to expandRead MoreEssay Modernism versus Modernismo1057 Words   |  5 Pages and the literary world, as well as the rest of the Western world, was shaken to its foundation (Harmon 298). Faith in modern Western civilization had been shaken, and disillusionment with modern society was widespread. The authors of the time who went on to form the Modernist movement, did not feel that the literary styles in use up to that point were adequate means of expressing the chaos which they were now witnesses to. They felt that a new period of history required a new literary medium toRead MoreThe Major Works of Thomas Carlyle Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages The literature of Victorian England is infused with the scientific as well as the humanitarian spirit, the romantic as well as the didactic note. It was essentially an Age of Prose- the direct influence of the growth in science and the questioning spirit -with great progress in critical pr ose writing. The inconsistent features of the early Victorian Britain were clearly reflected in the pamphlets, essays, lectures, and books of Carlyle, the greatest figure in the general prose literature of hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s Influence On American Literature878 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of American literature, it’s difficult to pinpoint an author who absolutely hits the nail on the head about what exactly defines American literature and what it means. The definition is also liable to change depending on the person’s depiction of each story that is written. You simply cannot wrap it up into one sentence and call it a concrete definition; there is too much diversity and complexity within its significance. There are also numerous centuries with different eras that allRead MoreDark Romanticism By Edgar Allen Poe1625 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the biggest literary of all times was known as dark romanticism. This kind of literature comes fro m the darkness inside of a person. Many people who like this style are know to be obsessed with gothic nature. Dark Romanticism is also know to come from darkness in the human soul, original sin, and a dark outlook on society. Dark Romanticism is the complete opposite of romanticism. According to what is dark romanticism â€Å" Dark Romanticism is. A sort of genre threat combines traditional love objectsRead MoreAchievements and Weaknesses of the Middle Kingdom and Its Downfall1316 Words   |  6 PagesC. to 1780 B.C.,[2] it was during the Twelfth Dynasty that Egyptians opened a wide trade amongst other countries, improved agricultural systems, fortified and expanded Egyptian borders with a strong military reputation, and explore the arts and literature to a depth which Egyptians had not previously. The Middle Kingdom has little weaknesses, but these did not prevent its gradual downfall. For Ancient Egypt, a significant advantage of the Middle Kingdom was its trade with other countries. In PalestineRead MoreConventions of Nursery Rhymes1167 Words   |  5 Pagesmetrical rhythms, rhyme schemes and repetition of words or sounds. In the poems Young Night-Thought and Where Go the Boats?, Robert Louis Stevenson follows the conventional form of nursery rhymes by using repetition and rhyme schemes to ensure the didactic message is absorbed. Repetition and rhyme scheme go hand in hand when present in nursery rhymes. In Young Night-Thought, Stevenson uses repetition of both sounds and of words as a technique to help with the understanding of basic language. The repetitionRead MoreThe Thousand and One Nights Essay931 Words   |  4 Pages from the proud to the humble, from the gruesome to the gleeful, the tales thread the whole scope of human experience into one long narrative. Some stories are stretched out and form a sort of mini-series. The Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor, for example, are told in seven installments. Others are short anecdotes, barely one page long. The stories in The Thousand and One Nights originated in a wide geographical area. Although most relate to medieval Arabic culture and civilization, many stories are

Aircraft for Engineering Organization- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAircraft for Engineering Organization. Answer: Introduction Working as a junior Manager in one of the Companies dealing in Aircraft maintenance, it is important to ensure that I set up an effective new line of work to ensure that the company which deals with the maintenance of small passenger aircraft is successful. To be able to do that, I will be required to set up teams through making numerous considerations as stipulated in the report below which will be presented to my Senior Manager in the company. Among other issues, the report detailed below is aimed at looking at how different working Relationships work within our company and the relevance or appropriateness of objectives of relationships in or within Engineering (Kerzner, 2013). Apart from that, the report to the Senior Manager of the Company will also be aimed at working out how the lines of authority need to be put in place in the organization and look at the various roles and responsibilities of Employees in the company as well as how its sub-contractors can be managed. Explanation of the Different Working Relationships within an Engineering Organization Creation of a productive and positive working relationship in an Engineering organization is very essential since it makes it easier for such an organization to achieve its set objectives and goals. It is always prudent to ensure that there is maximum respect between the senior and junior staff within an engineering organization (Kapur Pecht, 2014). One of the important working relationships that should be created in an Engineering organization is that there must be creation of a productive as well as positive working relationships across culture in the organization. The achievement of a positive cultural working relationship across the organization can b made possible when it is build with not only the sensitivity but also understanding over a given time frame. It is important to note that even though engineering counterparts emanating from various countries may be well versed with the same scientific principles and disciplines, they usually operate in different cultural settings. Two engineering teams that come from different cultures can be able to work within a specific set of expectations, norms, and rules. People may thus assume that other engineers may act under the similar set of rules as theirs (Buede Miller, 2016). However, when that does not happen, this implies that there is failure to meet expectations thus resulting in conflicts as well as disasters. It is prudent to note that even though Engineers may be working together in countries which have a shared cultural heritage which ultimately results in shared beliefs and values, there can still exist differences especially related to approaches to rules and time. Another type of working relationship that should be enhanced in the Aircraft Company is good communication skills. It is important for all and sundry in the aircraft company to note that each person is different and thus the best communication style should be used appropriately when dealing with different people in the organization. Examination of Lines of Authority in an Engineering Organization Lines of authority refer to the most fundamental authority in the company that depicts existing superior-subordinate relationships. It comprises of the right of making decisions and also give orders regarding production, finance, or sales finance associated behaviour of the subordinates. It can also be asserted that a line of authority in a business entity or aircraft company will establish individuals who are in charge of giving others orders and significantly contributes to the effective achievement of organizational goals, especially when used properly (Harper, 2015). The line authority that will be used in the Aircraft Company will comprise of managers who will be directly responsible for the achievement of organizational goals. As a result, line introduction at the aircraft Maintenance Company will actually be represented through a standard command chain that will start with the companys Board of Directors and eventually extend down to the activities which are implemented by the company (Licht, 2014). Line authority at the Aircraft Maintenance Company will be mainly be based on the legitimate power. Lines of authority at the Aircraft maintenance company will be identified and be based on the goals of the company. As a result, managers line functions will be limited to production lines of authority, maintenance lines of authority, and sales lines of authority. The production line of authority will mainly deal with the numerous spare parts that will have to be availed in the maintenance of the aircraft while the maintenance line of authority will deal with the actual maintenance of the aircrafts (Child, 2015). The sales line of authority will be concerned with receiving the cash for the various products fitted in the aircrafts and the service when maintaining them. In essence, it will be prudent to ensure that there is clear definition of lines of authority for all the employees in the Aircraft maintenance company by making all employees in the organization become aware of their roles and responsibilities (Stuart, 2015). Roles and Responsibilities of Employees within an Engineering Context The Aircraft Maintenance manager The Aircraft Maintenance manager will be tasked with the responsibility of providing daily oversight of all the operational and functional activities in the maintenance of aircraft machinery, equipment, and facilities (Cech, 2014). Among other duties, the manager will also be responsible for the successful implemental of all the relevant management processes in the company and ensure that he or she recommends the relevant equipment modifications for the upgrades. The manager will also be tasked with the responsibility of developing and maintaining the relevant preventative maintenance programs. Aircraft Maintenance Mechanics Aircraft maintenance mechanics at the company will be tasked with the responsibility of accurately repairing and performing schedules maintenance on all the airplanes and ensure that inspections are performed as mandated or required by the relevant bodies and authorities. Apart from that, the mechanics at the aircraft maintenance company will also be responsible for performing full analysis of all the required work orders, sketches, and drawings to not only troubleshoot but also repair and install the required parts or products (Tafel-Viia Alas, 2015). The mechanics, based on an engineering context will also be required to ensure that they check all the mechanical components of the aircrafts before installation so as to prevent any damage. That apart, mechanics at this aircraft maintenance company will be tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that they accurately estimate the materials and the hours for the jobs that have been scheduled. Aircraft Maintenance Team Lead These individuals will be reporting to the maintenance supervisor and they will be tasked with the responsibility of meeting both the scheduled as well as the unscheduled requirements of maintenance, directing and leading the work of aircraft technicians (Breaugh, 2017). They will also be responsible for the coordination of daily aircraft maintenance activities in collaboration with maintenance supervisors. They will also lead and direct the work or activities of aircraft technicians for inspection, maintenance, troubleshooting, and repair of aircraft structures, systems, and engines. Review of the Relevance of Objectives of Working Relationships within an Engineering Context Having relevant working objectives is very essential for the Aircraft maintenance company in an engineering context due to various reasons. For example, having objectives of working relationships in the engineering context will help the company to take appropriate steps to achieve optimal performance management by avoiding any potential internal obstacles that may occur in the company (Wong et al, 2014). They will also help the company to implement innovative solutions which are geared towards ensuring that organizational processes deliver not only real results but also enhance performance. Working relationships are essential in an engineering context because they will greatly help such organizations to come up with practical steps and concrete guidelines which can be used in enhancing the performance management processes at the aircraft maintenance company. Objectives of working relationships in an engineering context are very essential because they help in ensuring that the actions of each and every employee in the organization is well aligned to the strategic objectives of the company. Having effective working relationship objectives is also prudent in the engineering context because they will help in provision of visibility and clarification of accountability which is related or associated towards expectations of performance (Pahl Beitz, 2013). In addition to that, working relationships in an engineering context are quite essential in that they will help in the documentation of individual performance that will be aimed at supporting career planning as well as compensation decisions. Moreover, objectives of working relationships will help in the establishment of focus for the development of essential skills as well as learning choices activities (Braglia Frosolini, 2014). As a result, this will be beneficial in the creation of the r elevant documentation that may be used for legal reasons to not only support decisions but also minimize disputes in the engineering context. They will also help in the reduction of poorly structured processes in the company. An Explanation of how Sub-Contractors can be Managed A sub-contractor refers to a person or an organization which takes part of a contract from the main or principal contractor or even from another different subcontractor. A subcontractor can also be defined as being a person or a business which carries out work or tasks for an organization as being part of a larger or bigger project. Sub-contractors play a significant role in the general success of the aircraft maintenance company (Kuzniarz et al, 2015). It is therefore important that the company does not choose contractors just based on price alone but rather on their ability to deliver the assigned duties on time as well as on required safety and quality standard. This is quite important since choosing of subcontractors for the aircraft maintenance company based on the cheapness of the price that they offer may cost the company more money as opposed to when an expensive subcontractor was chosen. To effectively manage subcontractors, the aircraft maintenance company should actually view them as being an extension of the general or main contractor and therefore failure by such subcontractors will adversely affect the reputation of the company (Pinder, 2014). When managing the aircraft maintenance companys subcontractors, it is important for the company to comprehend the scope of work for the subcontractor and understand the people who will be supplying all the relevant materials. It is also important for the aircraft maintenance company to effectively understand how the subcontractor they have engaged will be properly reimbursed. The company ought to ensure that the subcontractors that it has hired receives both access and information ahead or on schedule and it should never be delayed by the company or even by other subcontractors that it has hired (Hwang Ng, 2016). Regular meetings should also be held by the relevant subcontractor in order to discuss environmental, quality, and safety issues. Bibliography Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management information systems within the extended enterprise. International Journal of Project Management, 32(1), pp.18-29. Breaugh, J.A., 2017. to Recruitment. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, p.12. Buede, D. M., Miller, W. D. (2016). The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley Sons. Cech, E.A., 2014. Culture of disengagement in engineering education?. Science, Technology, Human Values, 39(1), pp.42-72. Child, J., 2015. Organization: contemporary principles and practice. John Wiley Sons. Harper, C., 2015. Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, H.B., 2016. Project network management: risks and contributors from the viewpoint of contractors and sub-contractors. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(4), pp.631-648. Kapur, K.C. and Pecht, M., 2014. Reliability engineering. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Licht, W., 2014. Working for the Railroad: the Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton University Press. Pahl, G. and Beitz, W., 2013. Engineering design: a systematic approach. Springer Science Business Media. Petersen, K., Vakkalanka, S. and Kuzniarz, L., 2015. Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and Software Technology, 64, pp.1-18. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Stuart, D., 2015. Risk assessment. Company Director, 31(5), p.50. Tafel-Viia, K. and Alas, R., 2015. Differences and Conflicts between Owners and top Managers in the Context of Social Responsibility. Engineering Economics, 64(4). Zou, W., Kumaraswamy, M., Chung, J. and Wong, J., 2014. Identifying the critical success factors for relationship management in PPP projects. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.265-274.